The Format of a URL

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

https://www.xoax.net:443/gallery/image.php?file=bible.jpg&dat=855#title

Decomposition of the URL

https://

protocol

www.

subdomain

xoax

.net

TLD

domain

host

443

port

gallery/image.php

path

file

parameter

bible.jpg

value

dat

parameter

855

value

query string

#title

fragment

URL

Protocol: The protocol specifies the method of access for the URL. The protocol specified above is https://.
Host: The host or host name corresponds to the document root on the host filesystem. In this URL, it is www.xoax.net.
Subdomain: The subdomain of a URL comes immediately before the domain name. It is a domain under the main domain. Here it is www.. Generally, the .www is assumed in most website urls now. So, it is not needed.
Domain: The domain or domain name is the name of the website. For this example, it is xoax.net.
Top-Level Domain: This is the last part of the domain name. Typical examples of a top-level domain are .com, .org, and .net. A top-level domain is also known as a domain extension, a domain suffix, or a URL extension. In this example URL, it is .net.
Port: The port or port number comes after the domain name and is preceded by a colon. It specifies the port for communication. The default port for HTTP is 80 and for HTTPS is 443. When a default port is used, it is usually assumed and omitted from the URL. The port here is 443.
Path: The path is the relative directory above the document root. The path above is gallery/image.php.
Parameter: A parameter is used to designate the name of a value that is passed to the URL. It follows a question mark or and & if there are multiple parameter values used. In this example, there are two parameters: file and dat.
Value: A value is a specified for each parameter. It is the actual value that is passed in. In this exmaple, there are two values corresponding to the two parameters: bible.jpg and 855.
Query String: The query string is the full set of parameters and associated values that follow the question mark. The query string above is file=bible.jpg&dat=855.
Fragment: The fragment or fragment identifier follows a # symbol and typically specifies a location within a page. The fragment above is #title.