This is the formula for caclulating the angle between two vectors, using the dot product.
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<title>XoaX.net's MathML: The Dot Product Angle Formula</title>
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The dot product of two vectors equals
<math>
<mrow>
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo mathsize="50%">→</mo>
</mover>
<mo>⋅</mo>
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo mathsize="50%">→</mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>‖</mtext>
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo mathsize="50%">→</mo>
</mover>
<mtext>‖</mtext>
<mtext>‖</mtext>
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo mathsize="50%">→</mo>
</mover>
<mtext>‖</mtext>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>α</mi>
</mrow>
</math>,
where <math><mi>α</mi></math> is the angle between the vectors
<math><mover><mi>u</mi><mo mathsize="50%">→</mo></mover></math> and <math><mover><mi>v</mi><mo mathsize="50%">→</mo></mover></math>.
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