Using STL Strings

Example 1

// Inputting and outputting a simple string
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    // Enter text into a string
    string qWord;
    cout << "Enter a word: ";
    cin >> qWord;
    cout << "The word is " << qWord << endl;

    return 0;
}

Example 2

// Converting from string to double and double to string
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    // Conversion from string to double
    stringstream qStringToDouble;
    string qString("3.14159");
    qStringToDouble << qString;
    double dConvertedDouble;
    qStringToDouble >> dConvertedDouble;
    // Output the double result
    cout << dConvertedDouble << endl;

    // Conversion from double to string
    stringstream qDoubleToString;
    double dDouble = 2.71828;
    qDoubleToString << dDouble;
    string qConvertedString(qDoubleToString.str());
    // Output the string
    cout << qConvertedString << endl;

    return 0;
}

Example 3

// In this example a word is entered into a string.
// A mirrored version of the word is created using iterators
// Then a check is made as whether the word is a palindrome.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    // Enter text into a string
    string qWord;
    cout << "Enter a word: ";
    cin >> qWord;

    // Use reverse iterators to mirror the word
    string qReversed(qWord.rbegin(), qWord.rend());
    cout << "Backwards, it is: " << qReversed << endl;

    // Use == to check whether it is a palindrome
    if (qWord == qReversed) {
         cout << qWord << " is a palindrome" << endl;
    } else {
        cout << qWord << " is not a palindrome" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

Example 4

// Example of code sorting several strings in alphabetical order
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    string qName1("XoaX.net");
    string qName3("C++");
    string qName2("Algorithms");
    string qName4("Graphics");

    vector<string> qNames;
    qNames.push_back(qName1);
    qNames.push_back(qName2);
    qNames.push_back(qName3);
    qNames.push_back(qName4);

    cout << "Unsorted list:" << endl;
    for (unsigned int uiIndex = 0; uiIndex < 4; ++uiIndex) {
        cout << qNames[uiIndex] << endl;
    }

    sort(qNames.begin(), qNames.end());

    cout << endl << "Sorted list:" << endl;
    for (unsigned int uiIndex = 0; uiIndex < 4; ++uiIndex) {
        cout << qNames[uiIndex] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

Example 5

// Examples of finding strings within strings
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    // A famous quote from Alexander Pope's "An Essay on Criticism"
    string qPopeQuote("A little learning is a dangerous thing.");
    // Find the position (3) of the first "i"
    cout << (unsigned int)qPopeQuote.find('i') << endl;

    // Another famous quote from Alexander Pope's "An Essay on Criticism"
    string qPopeQuote2("To err is human; to forgive, divine.");
    string qLetters("dfimh");
    // Find the position (7) of the first of the letters "dfimh"
    cout << (unsigned int)qPopeQuote2.find_first_of(qLetters) << endl;

    // A couplet from Alexander Pope's "An Essay on Man" in two lines
    string qPopeLine1("If white and black blend, soften and unite");
    string qPopeLine2("a thousand ways, is there no black or white?");
    // Put the two lines together in a single string
    string qPopeQuote3(qPopeLine1 + qPopeLine2);
    string qBlack("black");
    // Find the position (13) from the front of the word "black"
    cout << (unsigned int)qPopeQuote3.find(qBlack) << endl;
    // Find the position (71) from the back for the word "black"
    cout << (unsigned int)qPopeQuote3.rfind(qBlack) << endl;

    return 0;
}

Example 6

// An example of extracting and erasing a substring
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    // A quote from Ayn Rand's "Atlas Shrugged"
    string qRand1("There are two sides to every issue: one side is right\n");
    string qRand2("and the other is wrong, but the middle is always evil.");
    // Append the second half of the quote to the first.
    qRand1.append(qRand2);
    cout << qRand1 << endl;

    // Extract the substring: "one side is right"
    string qSubstring = qRand1.substr(36, 17);
    cout << qSubstring << endl;

    // Remove the middle string:
    // ": one side is right\nand the other is wrong"
    // This leaves the sentence as.
    // "There are two sides to every issue, but the middle is always evil."
    qRand1.erase(34, 42);
    cout << qRand1 << endl;

    return 0;
}